Hormonal response to physical exercise Răspunsul hormonal la efortul fizic

Aerobic/anaerobic physical exercise causes a series of stimuli that can induce many biochemical and hormonal changes in the whole body. Hormones are involved in physiological changes produced in the body during exercise. The duration, the intensity and the type of training modulate these hormonal fluctuations. Aging is associated with an alteration of the neuroendocrine system, which leads to a decrease in the sensitivity of endocrine glands to the action of neurohormones and to a reduction in the number, density and affinity of neurohormone receptors. Increased physical activity is accompanied by great energy loss. The imbalance between energy consumption and the much higher energy expenditure results in the activation of adaptive endocrine and neuroendocrine mechanisms of the body to high physical effort. The endocrine profile developed under various physical exercise conditions: acute, high-intensity, prolonged moderate-intensity, prolonged high-intensity exercise or during restitution is dependent on the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal, hypothalamicpituitary-thyroid axes and on the sympathetic adrenal medullary system, to which other endogenous and environmental factors are added. The increase in the incidence of diseases, including endocrine disorders closely related to physical exercise and to the absence of physical activity, is an area of wide interest and a public health problem.